83-1

KK/yk

Professor emeritus Alf Brodal
Anatomical Institute
University of Oslo
Karl Johans gate 47
Oslo 1, Norway 6 January 1983


Dear Alf,

Thank you very much for your kind letter to Ghana which now transferred to me through Embassy of Japan. It appears that the letter might have been involved in a petit “contra-coup d’etat” that happened in Accra on 23rd of November.
I suppose my lectures were acceptable and enjoyable as judged from responses of the students. I have bought some African drums and bronze sculptures which are very unique, and read some modern political books and poems in the week-end. Also, I visited some historical places and enjoyed my life leisurely for three weeks. But preparation for lectures of 3 days in a week was fairly hard.
We all send Inger and you our warmest greetings for your recent and coming birthdays.
Best wishes from Takako, Yoko and myself.

Yours,

(Koki Kawamura)
　

83-2

KK/yk

Professor emeritus Alf Brodal
Anatomical Institute
University of Oslo
Karl Johans gate 47
Oslo 1, Norway 29 January 1983


Dear Alf,

Thank you very much for your useful comments upon Hashikawa’s colliculus paper with corrections.
We have made a final version of the manuscript and are going to send it to J. c. N. Hashikawa is also grateful for your kindness and he says he will send its copy to you.
Takako, Yoko and I are all fine. We send Inger and you our warm greetings and best wishes,

Yours,
Koki
(Koki Kawamura)
　

83-3

83-4

20 March 1983
Dear Alf,

Our manuscript (Onodera and myself) of pretecto-olivary projections was sent to you, addressed to you and Fred, yesterday. At the time when we were engaged in the writing of review article (olivocerebellar proj.), under your kind encouragement, we have started on the work of olivary projections from the mesodiencephalic structures using HRP and tritiated amino acids. We have been slow in progress in this study, ― isotop-work took some time always! Although a series of fine works have been done recently by Fred and coworkers, we considered that our observations have some new, particularly concerning the fields of terminations in the olive, finding and merit to be published.
I would ask you to take your time to read through the manuscript and give us your comments / suggestions. I hope you will find the paper of some interest, even now Fred’s paper has appeared. Onodera’s (single author) accompanying paper (cited in references, from Darkschew. Cajal, etc) is about to finish in a few week. He will defend his dissertation, I hope, this summer.
I always feel hard in polishing English in the final stage of writing ? before submitting. I should be grateful for your kindness if you could have your time accepting my “as-usual” request.
Warmest greetings to Inger and you from Takako, Yoko and me.

Very best wishes,
Yours,
Koki
　

83-5

AB/G April 13th 1983

Professor Koki Kawamura, M.D.
Department of Anatomy
School of Medicine
Iwate Medical University
Morioka 020
JAPAN

Dear Koki,

Fred and I have read your paper with Onodera rather carefully. I have suggested some linguistic changes, as you will see from the copy of the manuscript returned to you. There you will also find some comments on certain points that do not appear entirely clear, (for example, concerning Fig. lf; the numbers of animals in the section on methods, etc.).

We have some general suggestions to make. In the first place, one should be careful to rely too much on negative findings (see, for example p.10). Secondly, it would be right to devote some comments to the eternal problem of the area from which uptake of isotopes and HRP occurs, and to state which criteria have been used, even if there may still be open questions concerning this problem.

As far as I understand, the summarizing diagram of Fig.5 contains much information that is not presented in the present paper, but is presumably derived from the companion paper of Onodera (and other sources?). The basis of the diagram should be stated specifically if it is to be included.

As you will see from our notes in the manuscript, we believe that what you have found to be the dorsal cap is really the nucleus β. This makes it necessary to rewrite part of the discussion, since the reasoning will have to be different. The approach of using first HRP and then autoradiography is a sensible one. It would have been valuable if you had had more cases, particularly with smaller injections in the pretectum.

Might it be appropriate to comment on Jeneskog’s recent studies, the last one in Exp. Brain Res., 49: 353, 1983? (Tectum to zone A).
We are sorry that we have had to criticize these points in your paper, but we feel it is better to have these comments from us than from a referee after submission of the paper.

I hope you are all well, and like us, are enjoying and looking forward to spring and summer. We have had an unusually mild winter this year. At present there is almost no snow anymore, so Inger and I have just started with some work in the garden in preparation for the real “spring cleaning”. We are both well and looking forward to our trip along the coast of North Norway in the beginning of June and our visit to Oxford somewhat later. ? Per and I have just submitted a paper on the cerebello-perihypoglossal projection in the monkey to the Archives italiennes (accepted), and I have finished a study on the normal perihypoglossal nuclei in the monkey (accepted by J. comp. Neurol.). At present I am trying to decipher the normal anatomy of the vestibular nuclei in the monkey. This is not as straight-forward as one might believe.

Inger asks me to send her best regards to you, Takako and Yoko,

as does also,
yours,
Alf
(A. Brodal)

P.S. The manuscript is returned separately as printed matter.
A.B.
　

83-6

KK/yk

Professor emeritus Alf Brodal
Anatomical Institute
University of Oslo
Karl Johans gate 47
Oslo 1, Norway 10 May 1983


Dear Alf,

Thank you for your kind letter of April 13th and corrections of the pretecto-olivary paper with useful comments of you and Fred.
We have chosen a section for the demonstration of a photo in which both the dorsal cap and nucleus β are clearly labeled with terminals. Since Onodera’s paper (that of his single author), which deals with projections from the Darkschewitsch etc, is not yet finished we referred to our summary paper (enclosed, presented in Japan Neuroscience Meeting this year) to be published in Neuroscience Letters. The findings are in essential agreements with Fred’s. I agree with your comments that it would have been valuable if we had had more cases of autoradiography. However, my present situation does not allow me to do the experiments, and decided to make an article at the present stage. I would ask you to allow me for my “scientifically dishonest” judgment. Still, several places I have to improve the expression from the linguistic points ? always takes time. I hope we can submit the manuscript, perhaps, to Exp. Brain Research in a week. We are very grateful for your and Fred’s kind criticism!
I am now very, very busy in teaching and dissection, almost every day. Takako, Yoko and I do hope that Inger and you will have pleasant journeys to the coast of North Norway and also to Oxford.
We send our best wishes and warmest greetings to Inger and you.

Yours, with thanks and respects

(Koki Kawamura)
Encl. 1
　

83-7

KK/yk

Professor Alf Brodal
Anatomical Institute
University of Oslo
Karl Johans gate 47
Oslo 1, Norway 13 May 1983


Dear Alf,

When this letter reaches you, you are celebrating the National Day with coming of Spring. Takako and I were very glad when we received a letter from Inger some days ago and Takako was extremely happy with it and sends her letter with a picture of my family. We are happy to learn that you are happy and healthy, particularly Inger has recovered from the operation of hernia inguinalis and able to make a trip to England.
You wrote in your last letter that a paper on cerebello-perihypoglossal projection in the monkey has been accepted in Archives italiennes. I would ask you to confirm if it isn’t a paper of perihypoglossal-cerebellar projection. I will explain why I ask you this point below. Recently, a young ophthalmologist from Kitazato University has come to our lab with a wish to study some works connected with the eye-movement for 9-12 months. After discussion, we have planned to make HRP-injections in the perihypoglossal nuclei of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) and examine both anterograde and retrograde labeling in the brainstem. We tried in vain to find the articles of normal anatomy of the perihypoglossal nuclei as well as the vestibular nuclei. Under these circumstances, I would ask you if Per and you have an idea of injecting HRP in the perihypoglossal nuclei. If you are thinking of doing this work, and if you have done already and finished the work of cerebello-perihypoglossal projection, as mentioned in your letter, I will suggest him to stop the plan.
If you consider our plan is not touching with your research project, and even help each other ? I hope ? I would ask you a favour to let me have a copy of your manuscripts of the monkey perihypoglossal and vestibular nuclei. In case your paper of the normal anatomy of the monkey vestibular nuclei is now on writing, could you please give me your instruction in what points should I be careful in dealing with the vestibular nuclei? You mentioned it is “not as straight-forward as one might believe”.
Yoko is now 11 years old, and she will have a sports-day (at school) next week in which Takako and I will also join and enjoy. Warm greetings to Inger and you from three of us.
Yours,

(Koki Kawamura)
　

83-8

AB/G May 20, 1983

Professor Koki Kawamura, M.D.
Department of Anatomy
School of Medicine
Iwate Medical University
Morioka 020
JAPAN

Dear Koki,

Thank you for your two letters (of May 10 and 13). As to the latter, it was a misprint in my letter to you that we have studied the cerebello-perihypoglossal projection. It is, of course, the reverse, as you suggest. So there will be no duplication if your research fellow embarks on a study of the cerebello-hypoglossal projection by injections of HRP in these nuclei. But especially the intercalates and the nucleus of Roller are very small.

Since my study on the normal macaque may be of interest (it will probably still last some months until it appears in the J.C.N.), I send you a copy of the text (not fully corrected, however) and some copies of the illustrations. There will scarcely be large differences between the rhesus and the macaque fuscata. I likewise send you a copy of Per’s and my paper on the perihypoglosso-cerebellar projection, that will probably appear rather soon. It would be interesting to know more about the cerebello-perihypoglossal projection. As far as I can see from what has been done in the cat, the two projections are not strictly reciprocal.

As to the normal vestibular nuclei in the monkey this is not yet finished, but when this happens, presumably some time this summer, I shall be glad to send you a copy. You probably know Robertone and Hines’ paper on the vestibular complex in Galago, spinovestibular connections, in Brain, Behav. Evol., 20: 129-155, 1982, with a description of the vestibular complex in that animal. It may be useful until my (presumably somewhat more detailed) is finished.


I hope you will soon have finished your hectic period of teaching and have some time for research and leisure in the summer. Spring is now at its best here, except for a little too much of rain, and we are starting the preparations for our coming journeys. Inger send her best regards to you all.

With greetings also from

yours,
Alf
(A. Brodal)

P.S. The copies of manuscript etc. are sent separately.
　

83-9

KK/yk

Professor emeritus Alf Brodal
Anatomical Institute
University of Oslo
Karl Johans gate 47
Oslo 1, Norway 2 June 1983


Dear Alf,

Thank you for your kind letter of May 20th, and I am very grateful for sending me copies of your manuscripts of perihypoglocerebellar and normal perihypoglossal nuclei in the monkey and chimpanzee. The papers will help us indeed as a guide and very useful. In a few weeks, we will try to do injections of HRP in the nuclei to study their afferent organization, and will see how it will work. Since connections between the perihypoglossal nuclei and the vestibular complex are one of the interesting topics, I would appreciate very much for your kindness as to let me have a copy of your normal vestibular paper, when it is finished. As you suggest, I will suggest my colleague to read Robertson and Haines’ paper (1982) in Galago, before your papers can be used as a map.
Recently, we have submitted our two papers: the cat pretecto-olivary projection ? thank you for your and Fred’s critical comments ? and the monkey prefrontal corticocortical afferents, to the Experimental Brain Research. Regrettably, however, the writing of the Neuroanatomy textbook (in Japanese), although you kindly　encouraged me previously, has not yet really started. I am preparing for it, writing fragmentary.
I hope you will enjoy your journeys. Warm greetings to Inger and yourself from Takako, Yoko and myself.

Yours,

(Koki Kawamura)
　

83-10

Dear Alf,

In my letter, just posted, I made a same misprint concerning the direction of the pathway between the cerebellum and the perihypoglossal nuclei. It’s funny!
Three of us will go to the mountain-hot spring resort in the week-end of mid-June.

With best wishes,
Yours,
Koki

2 / June ’83
　

83-11

Bl. h. 25 / 9 ? 83

Dear Koki,

It is indeed some time since I wrote you, and I was reminded of this when I got your request for reprints of the paper on the perihypoglossal nuclei some days ago. The reprints have not yet arrived but I will send you one when they are available.
Enclosed you will find two prints of pictures which Anne Brit managed to take during the ceremony in Oxford on June 22. On the one you see the Vice Chancellor of the University MacMillan, former prime minister, now 89 years old congratulating me as a doctor honoris causa. Actually I do not think photography was permitted during the ceremony in the Sheldonian Theatre!
Our stay in Oxford was in all respects pleasant and interesting. We were accommodated in Brasenose College, where also one of the other honorands, the writer William Golding and his wife stayed (“Lord of the Flies” is his most famous book, you may have read it). The day before the ceremony Brasenose College gave a fine dinner for us, and on June 22nd the honorands, 8 in all, two in Science, Nobel Prize winner Andrew Huxley and I, dined up and marched into the Sheldonian. The procedure was kept in the traditional old style. The public orator read the account of each honorands, merits in Latin (but we had an English translator available). Then we were, one at a time, lead by a particular “bedel” up to the “throne” where MacMillan was seated, shaked hands with him and were then guided back to our seat where we received the official scroll, declaring in written (Latin!) that we were now dr. honoris scientists at Oxford University. There was a magnificent lunch at All Sand’s College at about 1, a garden party at Magdalen College, 2-4 o’clock, and finally a more official gorgeous dinner in Christ Church College, with good food and wines and a few speeches. The second picture is from the garden party where you see Professor Charles Phillips to the left. We stayed the first night with him and his wife. He met us at the airport and in the evening they gave a very enjoyable party for us. The proposal for my candidature was launched by Phillips, George Yerdon and Tom Powell.
Anne Brit and Inger Helene came with us, i.e. we had given them a charter tour with one week’s stay in London, and they came to Oxford for the event. After the days in Oxford we drove with Marion Smith to her cottage in Wiltshire and spent 3 very pleasant days with her.
After we returned house we have spent a couple of weeks in our cottage in Tuddal. This summer has been an extraordinarily fine one, from the point of view of the weather, almost always sun, but then, of course too little rain.
I am not yet finished with my paper on the normal vestibular nuclei in the macaque. It has gone on very slowly, and such studies are in fact very time-consuming. I hope I will finish it within a month’s time.
I gather you are as active as ever and look forward to hearing from you, Takako and Yoko, how life is for you. We see quite often reports from Japan in our newspapers, not least in the last time after the disaster with the Korean plane.
Inger joins me in our best wishes for you all.

With kind regards
yours
Inger and Alf
　

83-12

29 / Oct. ’83
Dear Alf,

Thank you very much for your kind letter of September 25th which has been transferred from Morioka to London. I am extremely glad and happy to learn that you have received the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from Oxford University. Two pictures of you taken by Anne Brit are very good. I and certainly Takako, who unfortunately is now in Japan with Yoko, congratulate you and Inger on this splendid occasion.
Supported by a grant from the JSPS (Japan Soc. Prom. Sci.) and Royal Soc., I am presently working here with Geoff Raisman for ten weeks on the primary vestibular projection to the cerebellum. We need further experiment before we can transplant the vestibular ganglion to the cerebellum successfully. It’s indeed a new, and interesting field to me. I am interested in learning chemistry and biology, and ENGLISH (for me very important!) during this short period.
Last week I met Marion-Smith at Queen’s Square Hosp. at the lecture meeting of Albert AGUAYO. We had a short pleasant talk on your honorary prize at Oxford. I stay here until the end of November (maybe 29th, leave here). I have lectures starting from 5th of December.
I am eager to see you and congratulate you on your Doctor honoris causa at Oslo. I’m sure to call you soon. I am planning, thinking of the possibility of dropping in Oslo on my way home. May be difficult, since my ticket is “official”.
Warm greetings Inger and Alf.

From
Koki
　

83-13

Nov. 7, 1983
Dear Koki,

Thank you for your letter of Oct. 29. I see that you have a very ambitious programme for your stay in London with Raisman. I am sending this note now to express Inger’s and my hopes of seeing you here on your way back to Japan. It would be fine if you could manage a brief visit. Please let us know if, and in case when, we may expect you. You can of course stay with us. Please give my regards to Raisman.

Best wishes
yours sincerely
Alf
　

83-14

16th Nov. 1983
Dear Alf,

Thank you for your letter of November 7th. I am delighted, and am also very grateful, with your kind invitation to Oslo on my way back to Japan.
Today, I went to the travel agency and reserved a ticket of arriving at Oslo airport at 11:40 (am) of 1st of December (Thursday) by BA642. And I will leave Oslo at 10:55 (am) of 3rd (Sat) by SU212 / JAL466 (via Moscow).
Stay here two weeks more ? All’s well that end’s well. Really it has been a good experience in a new field to me. Geoffrey Raisman joins me sending you best wishes. See you soon!!! Thank you.

Yours,
Koki
　

83-15

Bl.holm. Nov. 20 1983
Dear Koki,

This is just a short note to tell you how delighted we are to see you again. I suppose I will be able to meet you at the airport on Thursday Nov. 1st at 11:40 am. If there should be any problems, I will arrange that Per or Fred will meet you. We look forward to see you again soon.

With best regards,
yours
Alf
　

83-16

13 December 1983
Dear Inger and Alf,

Takako is very happy as she could talk with Inger on the telephone, although she says that she could not speak well because of her long non-use of speaking English.
Three-days-stay at your comfortable home was for me indeed magnificent. How many times did I thank you in your living-room, bed-room and on the promenade!
Enclosed you will find two photos for you. I hope Alf will not be too critical on the quality of the pictures which represent a minor light vs shadow contrast. I admit the brain is superior to the machine.
Today in the university, I gave a lecture on the cranial nerves for 3 hours. Papers, mails and etc. on my desk are not yet in order after 10 weeks’ absence.
Takako and I take the goat cheese, given to us from you, every evening. Actually we got an idea to give you a long-call while we were tasting it with coffee speaking about you. Thank you very much for all your kindness and thoughtfulness; music, meals, snow in the evening, talks, pictures, smell of birch ? everything was wonderful! I felt at home. I am sorry I could not get up earlier in the morning.
We sincerely hope Inger and Alf, please, take the best care of yourself. We send you our kindest regards and bet wishes,
　　　
Yours as ever, from
Takako and Koki and also from Yoko

Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!
　

83-17

Dec. 21, 1983
Dear Takako and Koki,

Thank you for your recent letter and for the enclosed 2 photos of us, taken during your stay with us, Koki.
It was so nice to have you with us, although short, and we regret that you, (stet) Takako were not there. Inger is steadily improving but the last few days we have both had a rather severe tracheitis etc. It recedes now and we have just got the first real snow-fall this year. Nice and fine for X-mas and especially for the children. We send you our best wishes for 1984, with a photo taken near our cottage in August this year.
With our warmest regards,
Yours as ever
Inger and Alf